ZULÚ - ENFIELD 1963

 


(IN ENGLISH BELOW)  


Fui un sábado por la tarde, como cuando de pequeño iba al cine a la primera sesión, a ver "Zulu" ("Zulú", Cy Enfield, 1963) en la super pantalla de "Phenomena" y me ha parecido todo un peliculón. La había visto de pequeño en el cine y otra vez en la tele, en B/N. Pero esta vez la he visto "comme il faut", además en versión original. 



Esta "peli" fue el primer papel importante de Michael Caine, quien estuvo a punto de perderlo por su acento "cockney" (barriobajero) (1) porque, con ese acento, se consideraba que no podía interpretar a un oficial de la época victoriana. Viéndola en inglés, me hago una idea de lo que pasó. Hay dos protagonistas, dos tenientes, Stanley Baker y Michael Caine, quienes dirigirán la defensa. Baker es un oficial de origen humilde, además es ingeniero o del cuerpo de ingenieros del ejército, especializado en construir pontones para cruzar ríos. Pero su nombramiento es dos meses más antiguo que el de Caine. Por lo tanto, Baker será el oficial más mayor y el que asumirá el mando de la defensa. Caine, en cambio, interpretaba a un oficial aristocrático, cuya familia había servido en el ejército desde varias generaciones. Resulta que algunos (no sé quién) criticaron que Caine interpretara a este oficial porque, como no era un "pijo", no podía hablar con la distinción necesaria que se le supone a un aristócrata...  A uno le parece este juicio exagerado porque Caine está perfecto con todos los tricks e inflexiones de voz de un puñetero aristócrata inglés. Menos mal que Cy Enfield, el director, era americano y dijo que no había tiempo para buscar un reemplazo de Caine. Parte de la gracia de la "peli" está en el choque de caracteres entre los dos oficiales. Por mi parte, habría puesto más líneas de diálogo explotando dicha rivalidad. Pero, en fin, esta era una película "seria" sobre un hecho heroico y no estaban para incluir escenas de comedia. 




Es una "peli" sobre una defensa heroica de los ingleses, del tipo "gato panza arriba". Algo así como El Álamo para los americanos. Pero, como película, me gusta más “Zulú", 1964, que "The Alamo" ("El Álamo", 1960), de Wayne. Esta última tenía demasiados mensajes de propaganda. En cambio, "Zulú" se limita a contar una defensa desesperada y punto. Crítica a los bóeres (los blancos holandeses que llegaron a Sudáfrica antes que los ingleses. Algo así como lo que sucedió con los franceses en Canadá) porque hay un grupo que se niega a ayudar al destacamento inglés. Por lo que los ingleses, para su mayor gloria, habrán de resistir solos. 

 


A pesar de que los papeles principales son para Baker y Caine, si se mira un cartel anunciador de la "peli" en su época (2), vemos que 1º) Caine sale en quinto y último lugar; 2º) que su nombre está escrito en letras más pequeñas que el resto de los actores; y 3º) que  tampoco lo presentan con la fórmula de "Introducing Michael Caine" ( "presentando a Michel Caine")  que se acostumbra a utilizar cuando se da un papel importante a un actor desconocido o que, por vez primera, tiene un papel principal. Es decir, que los productores no creían en su "gancho" como actor y, por eso, dieron relevancia a otros actores más conocidos de la época, aunque su papel fuera secundario, en la publicidad de esta película.

Entre dichos secundarios figuran Jack Hawkins y Ulla Jacobson, como el reverendo sueco Otto Witt  y su hija Margaretta, en el papel de  dos fanáticos religiosos. Jack Hawkins había sido un actor de carácter, especializado en papeles secundarios, que había brillado en  "El puente sobre el río Kwai" ("The Bridge on the River Kwai",1957) y "Lawrence de Arabia" ("Lawrence of Arabia", 1962), ambas dirigidas por David Lean.  En cuanto a Ulla Jacobson, era una belleza sueca que había alcanzado cierta fama por sus desnudos en la película sueca "Un solo verano de felicidad" ("Hon dansade en sommar", 1951) ganadora nada menos que de un premio secundario en Cannes y del Oso de Oro en Berlín del año 1952, al mejor director. Esta película causó un fuerte escándalo en su momento porque incluía una escena de la joven pareja protagonista bañándose aparentemente desnudos en un río (pues, dada la lejanía de la cámara, no se aprecia ningún desnudo) y otra escena, tumbados sobre la hierba, donde se mostraban los pezones de la protagonista. Con todo, visto desde una perspectiva actual, a uno le parece tan erótica esta película como el cuadro impresionista de Édouard Manet, "Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe" ("Desayuno en la hierba"). Sin embargo, el éxito de esta película no le garantizó el éxito a su protagonista, Ulla Jacobson, que trabajó en Hollywood y en el cine europeo en papeles secundarios como en "Zulu"( "Zulú", Enfield, 1963).

 

("El puente sobre el río Kwai" 1957)


("Hon dansade en sommar" 1951)






(Édouard Manet, "Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe")


Por lo que respecta al papel de estos "secundarios" en "Zulu"( "Zulú", Enfield, 1963), a saber, Jack Hawkins y Ulla Jacobson (pues, como decíamos, su nombre aparece en los títulos de crédito antes y escrito en letras más grandes que el de Michael Caine) (2), el suyo es un papel bastante forzado, por no decir muy  difícil de creer. En primer lugar, su presencia, como invitados en el campamento zulú a una boda múltiple entre  guerreros y sus prometidas, sirve de pretexto para que, como espectadores, conozcamos al bando contrario y, de paso, al Rey Zulú (algo así como  en los westerns, donde antes de la batalla se mostraban escenas de cómo era la vida en el campamento indio y del temido jefe de la tribu).  Como las mujeres zulúes en la boda bailan ataviadas con sus vestidos típicos y con los pechos cubiertos con solo collares de flores, uno cree que el censor español de la época se lo debió pasar en grande metiendo "tijeretazos". Recuerdo haber visto esta escena en la tele sin que "se viera nada" aunque era obvio que las chicas bailaban con los pechos sin cubrir. En segundo lugar, esta escena de la boda tiene un aire bastante irreal  porque, en la película, ya ha tenido lugar la batalla de Isandlwana, donde los zulúes infligieron una gran derrota a los ingleses. A uno le cuesta creer que, mientras sus ejércitos se enfrentaban al dominio inglés, el Rey Zulú se iba a quedar tan tranquilo en su campamento, oficiando una boda múltiple. Por lo que la reacción de los Witts, padre e hija, cuando llegan noticias de la gran victoria zulú, sirve de pretexto para que, como espectadores, nos demos cuenta de lo que se avecina y lo desesperada que va ser la defensa inglesa. Como no, a los Witts el Rey Zulú les dejará partir e irán a su Misión en Rorke's Drift, donde está destinado el destacamento inglés, con órdenes de construir un maldito puente sobre un río, para avisarles de lo que se les viene encima.  En tercer y último lugar, una vez llegados a Rorke's Drift, el reverendo Witt, en vez de ayudar a fortificar su Misión, empieza a darle a la botella a escondidas, y a sermonear a las tropas de color la llegada del fin del mundo, asustándolos, con el resultado que todos los soldados y obreros de color huirán de la Misión, Rorke's Drift, dejando solos a los ingleses. Es decir, que el papel de Jack Hawkins únicamente sirve de pretexto para la mayor gloria del destacamento inglés: por culpa del reverendo sueco interpretado por Jack Hawkins, esto es, de un maldito extranjero, los soldados y obreros de color huirán, dejando solos a los ingleses en su desesperada defensa. En cuanto a Ulla Jacobson, su papel como la hija de Jack Hawkins, es totalmente irrelevante: no tiene ningún vínculo sentimental con ningún soldado inglés; tampoco participará como enfermera durante la batalla ni vendrá a socorrer a los caídos al final de la "peli"... Su papel, como el de su padre, Jack Hawkins, nos parece demasiado corto pues se acaba cuando Stanley Baker, el oficial al mando, le ordena que se lleve a su padre en una carreta fuera de la Misión, para que el reverendo no cause más problemas. Con todo, a uno le queda la impresión que Hawkins se lo debió pasar en grande dándole a la botella... 


Otra cuestión que causa vergüenza ajena, es la falta de rigor histórico respecto al reverendo Witt, que existió en la realidad (3). Como se explica en Wikipedia, citando un artículo de un tal Frederick Hale, "La derrota de la historia en la película Zulú" (Diciembre, 1996), publicado por "The South African Military History Society", el reverendo Otto Witt tenía 30 años, estaba casado (no viudo, como parece en la "peli”), padre de dos criaturas, su única hija, Elin (no Margaretta, como en la "peli”) de dos años de edad. La familia de Witt estaba a una distancia de 30 km el día de la batalla. Witt, junto con el cirujano y el capellán del ejército, habían salido de excursión el día de la batalla y avisaron al destacamento de lo que se avecinaba.  Witt nunca se opuso a la intervención inglesa contra Cetshwayo, el Rey Zulú. Ayudó a fortificar la Misión y, en el último momento, se marchó a caballo para reunirse con su familia, porque quería estar a su lado para protegerlos. En fin, que así se escribe la historia...    


Otro detalle a destacar es que Baker produjo la película, junto con el director, Enfield.  Sin embargo, no hay ninguna escena gratuita para mayor gloria del personaje de Baker. Esto lo digo en mérito de Baker porque normalmente, cuando el actor principal es también el productor, siempre hay alguna escena o plano para su lucimiento personal. No en esta "peli".



Por último, esta "peli" se rodó en Sudáfrica durante el "apartheid". Caine comentó, después del rodaje, que nunca más volvería a Sudáfrica mientras el "apartheid" existiera. Parece ser que, después de cada día de rodaje, los actores y empleados "blancos" de la película descubrieron que no podían confraternizar ni ir a tomar una cerveza con los extras de color. Por otra parte, esta "peli" recrea un período cuando los Zulúes eran una nación o tribu independiente, no sujeta a los rigores del apartheid. Por lo que dicha recreación, me imagino, debió resultar muy dolorosa para los extras de color. Para acabar de "rizar el rizo", según Wikipedia (4), el actor que impersonaba al Rey Zulú era un descendiente directo del mismo, llamado Buthelezi, y, cuando cayó el apartheid, Buthelezi fue Ministro con Mandela y su sucesor. Esta "recreación dolorosa" resulta patente al final, cuando los soldados ingleses rechazan oleadas de guerreros zulúes, disparando sucesivamente desde tres filas: lo que debería ser el punto más álgido de la defensa inglesa (pues los zulúes atacantes no llegaron a romper las líneas de defensa inglesas), cuando al final de la carga los zulúes se retiran, produce en el espectador no la sensación de haber visto un acto heroico, sino la de una carnicería. Fue un mérito del director Cy Enfield no intentara "maquillar" este final con, por ejemplo, un final más heroico o glorioso, donde el enemigo simplemente hubiera recibido lo que se merecía.        

   



  (1) En cuanto a los orígenes humildes de Michael Caine:


https://ancillasvintage.quora.com/Michael-Caine-with-his-mum-in-the-60s-London-He-said-this-about-her-Im-not-sure-she-ever-quite-understood-what-I-did https://ancillasvintage.quora.com/Michael-Caine-with-his-mum-in-the-60s-London-He-said-this-about-her-Im-not-sure-she-ever-quite-understood-what-I-did?ch=15&oid=111741318&share=bdaf6e0d&srid=uc0iOA&target_type=post


 Michael Caine with his mum in the 60s London. He said this about her. "I'm not sure she ever quite understood what I did. And she certainly never understood how much I earned. She asked me once, how much do you earn for a film? And I said, 'A million pounds' 'Oh' she said, How much is that? She had no way of computing that sort of money, so I said, it means you don't have to do anything mum, work for anything, or want for anything ever, ever again. So no taking crafty cleaning jobs to be with your mates or I'll get into trouble with the papers'''.


(Traducción: Michael Caine con su Madre en los sesenta en Londres. Comentó lo siguiente acerca de ella: "No estoy seguro que ella comprendía lo que yo hacía. Y ciertamente, nunca entendió lo que ganaba.  Una vez me preguntó ¿Cuantas ganas por una película? Y le contesté: “Un millón de libras” “¡Oh!, dijo ella, ¿Cuánto es esto? Ella no sabía cómo calcular estas cantidades, por lo que le dije, “Significa, Mama, que ya no tienes que hacer nada, no tienes que trabajar más, o privarte de nada nunca más. Por tanto, no cojas más trabajos de limpieza para estar con tus amigas o me meterás en líos con la prensa”.


    (2) Cartel debajo, anunciando la película en Inglaterra, donde se puede ver el nombre de Michael Caine impreso en letras más pequeñas que el resto de los protagonistas, sacado de:


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(1964_film)  


 

UK cinema release poster


   (3) Acerca de los Witts:  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(1964_film)#Historical_accuracy


Historical accuracy 

The Witts

There are several inconsistencies with the historical record concerning the Swedish missionaries, the Witts. In the film, Witt is depicted as a middle-aged widower, a pacifist and drunkard, who has an adult daughter called Margareta. In reality, Otto Witt was aged 30 and had a wife, Elin, and two infant children. Witt's family were 30 kilometres (19 mi) away at the time of the battle. On the morning of the battle, Otto Witt, with the chaplain, George Smith and Surgeon-Major James Henry Reynolds had ascended Shiyane (Oscarberg), the large hill near the station, and noticed the approach of the Zulu force across the Buffalo River. Far from being a pacifist, Witt had co-operated closely with the army and negotiated a lease to put Rorke's Drift at Lord Chelmsford's disposal. Witt made it clear that he did not oppose British intervention against Cetshwayo. He had stayed at Rorke's Drift because he wished "to take part in the defence of my own house and at the same time in the defence of an important place for the whole colony, yet my thoughts went to my wife and to my children, who were at a short distance from there, and did not know anything of what was going on". He therefore left on horseback to join his family shortly before the battle.

Hale, Frederick (December 1996). "The Defeat of History in the film Zulu". Military History Journal. The South African Military History Society/Die Suid-Afrikaanse Krygshistoriese Vereniging. 10 (4). Retrieved 12 May 2016.

(Traducción: Rigor histórico   Los Witts

Hay varias inexactitudes históricas  con respecto al papel desempeñado por los misioneros suecos, los Witts. En la película, Witt aparece como un viudo maduro, un pacifista y un borracho, que tiene una hija adulta llamada Margareta. Cuando, en realidad, Otto Witt tenía 30 años de edad, esposa, Elin, y dos hijos pequeño. Su familia estaba instalada a unos 30km de distancia el día de la batalla. En la mañana de la batalla, Otto Witt, con el capellán, George Smith y el Cirujano James Henry Reynolds habían subido a la cima de Shiyane (Oscarberg), una gran colina cerca de la Misión y vieron cómo se acercaba el contingente Zulú, a través del rio Búfalo. Lejos de ser un pacifista, Witt había cooperado con el ejército británico y negociado un alquiler para dejar su Misión en Rorke's Drift a disposición de Lord Chelmsford. Witt había dejado claro que él no estaba en contra de la intervención inglesa contra  Cetshwayo. Permaneció en Rorke's Drift porque deseaba “tomar parte en la defensa de mi propia casa y, a la vez, en la defensa de un sitio muy importante para toda la colonia. Sin embargo, no podía dejar de pensar en su esposa y sus dos hijos pequeños, que se encontraban a poca distancia de allí y no sabían nada delo que se avecinaba.” Por lo que al final se marchó a caballo, para reunirse con su familia, justo antes del comienzo de la batalla. )

   

   (4) Acerca del Rey Zulú:  


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(1964_film) 


Zulu chief and future South African political leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi played Zulu King Cetshwayo kaMpande, his great-grandfather.


(Traducción: el Jefe Zulú y futuro líder político surafricano, Mangosuthu Buthelezi, interpretó a su antepasado, el Rey Cetshwayo kaMpande, su bisabuelo.)   


 En Barcelona, a 13 de Mayo de 2023. 


(IN ENGLISH) 

                                                        



I went to see "Zulu" ("Zulú", Cy Enfield, 1963) on a Saturday afternoon, as I used to do as a little kid when I went to the movies at the first or earliest screening, at Phenomena’s huge screen and I think  it is a rather spectacular movie. I remember I had seen it as a little kid at the cinema and again on TV in Black and white . But I think this time I have seen it "comme il faut" and, besides, in its original English version. 



This movie was Michael Caine’s first important role. He was about to lose his part in this movie due to his “cockney” (or low-class accent) (1). It was believed, at the time of this movie, that with Caine’s accent, he was not fit or credible to play the part of an officer in Victorian times. Watching this movie in English, one gets an idea of what might have happened. There are two main characters, two lieutenants, Stanley Baker and Michael Caine, who will be in charge of defending the post. Baker is an officer from  a humble background, besides being an engineer or, rather, a Member of the Corps of Royal Engineers, who knows how to build pontoons to cross rivers. Still, he was commissioned two months earlier than Caine. So, as the older officer, he will assume command of the post’s defense. Caine, instead, played the part of an aristocratic officer, whose family had served in the Army for generations on end. Apparently, some people (don´t ask me who they were) criticized Caine because he was not “upper class” enough to speak convincingly like an aristocratic officer… In my opinion, this was a very harsh verdict because Caine was perfect for the part with all the ticks and nuances that you would expect from a damn good British aristocrat gentleman. Luckily for Caine, Cy Enfield, the film director, was an American and said there was no time to look for a replacement. So, finally, Caine got the part. The clash of characters between the two officers leads to some funny moments in the movie. In my opinion, I would have added more lines of dialogue exploring this rivalry. But, then, this was a serious movie concerning  an heroic feat and, therefore, nobody was in the mood to include more funny scenes in this movie. 


This film is about a heroic defense by the British Army, fighting tooth and nail against an imposing foe. Something like what The Alamo” was for the Americans, though, as a film, I prefer "Zulu", 1964, to "The Alamo" ("El Álamo", 1960), by Wayne. The latter had too many propaganda messages. Instead, "Zulu", is about a desperate defense and period. There‘s some criticism about the Boers (White Dutch settlers who arrived in South Africa before the British did. Something like what happened with the French in Canada) because there’s a group of Boers who refuse to help the British outpost.  So that the British detachment, to their greater Glory, will have to stand on their own. 



Even though the main roles or leading roles are for Baker and Caine, if we look at a poster advertising the movie in its time (2), we  notice that:  1st)  Caine’s name appears on the fifth and last post,  2nd) His name is written in smaller print than the rest of the actors, and 3rd)  He was neither introduced in the credits by the formula "Introducing Michael Caine" ( "presentando a Michel Caine"), which is widely used when an unknown actor gets an important role or, for the first time, this actor or actress gets a leading role. So, all in all, the producers of this movie did not think Caine had much appeal as an actor and, therefore, they gave more relevance in the movie billing to other actors, who were better known at that time, even though they only played secondary or supporting roles. 

     

Among those playing secondary roles, there were Jack Hawkins and Ulla Jacobson, as the Swede reverend Otto Witt and his daughter Margaretta, in the roles of two religious zealots. Jack Hawkins was a character actor, specialized in supporting roles, who had particularly shone in "The Bridge on the River Kwai" ("El puente sobre el río Kwai",1957) and "Lawrence of Arabia" ("Lawrence de Arabia", 1962), both directed by David Lean. As for Ulla Jacobson, she was a Swede beauty who had attained some fame by her nude scenes in the Swedish movie, "One Summer of Happiness" ("Hon dansade en sommar", 1951), which had won none other than a secondary prize in Cannes and the Golden Bear in Berlin, to the best director, in 1952.  This film caused a big scandal in its time because it included a scene where the starring young couple were swimming, apparently naked, in a river (though, given the distance from the camera, it is hard to appreciate any nudity at all) and another scene, lying on the grass, where her nipples were shown. All in all, seen nowadays, one thinks this movIe was as erotic as the impressionist painting by  Édouard Manet, "Le Déjeuner sur  l'Herbe" ("Luncheon on the Grass"). Nevertheless, the success from that film didn’t ensure stardom to her protagonist, Ulla Jacobson, who worked both in Hollywood and in the European cinema, playing supporting roles like in "Zulu" ("Zulú", Enfield, 1963).      

 



("Hon dansade en sommar" 1951)






(Édouard Manet, "Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe")

As we had mentioned before, both Jack Hawkins and Ulla Jacobson played in "Zulu"( Zulú", Enfield, 1963) “supporting” characters, even though their names appeared at the billing (2) in larger print than Michael Caine’s. As for their parts, they were very hard parts  to believe. Firstly, their attendance, as guests of the Zulu King to a mass Zulu marriage ceremony between warriors and their brides, works as a pretext for the audience to learn about the other side and the Zulu King, as well (like in western movies, where before the battle, there usually were some scenes showing what was like to live in a Red Indian camp and of the fearsome Chief of the Tribe). As the Zulu brides in the wedding danced with their typical dresses and their breasts covered by flower necklaces, one thinks the Spanish censorship must have had a field day, cutting out here and there. In my case, I remember seeing this scene on TV without any nudity, even though it seemed pretty obvious the girls were dancing with their breasts uncovered. Secondly, this scene of the mass wedding ceremony has an unreal look because, in the movie, the battle of Isandlwana, where the Zulu warriors inflicted a big defeat to the British, had already taken place. Therefore, one finds hard to believe that, while his armies were facing the British, the Zulu King would calmly enjoy a mass wedding in his encampment. As for the Witts’ reaction, father and daughter, when they hear the news of the big Zulu’s victory, only works as a pretext for the audience to realise what odds the British outpost is going to face and how desperate their position is going to be. Of course, the Witts will be allowed by the Zulu King to leave the encampment and they will go to their Mission in Rorke's Drift, where the British detachment is positioned with orders to build a  bridge over a river, to warn them of the impending attack. Thirdly and lastly, once they have arrived at Rorke's Drift, reverend Witt, instead of lending a hand to help fortifying his Mission, he begins to hit the bottle on the sly and to preach the colour soldiers and workers that the end of the world is near, scaring them, with the result that they all will flee from the Mission, Rorke's Drift, leaving the British soldiers to themselves. Therefore, Jack Hawkins’ role only works as a pretext for the greater glory of the British detachment: due to the Swedish reverend, played by Jack Hawkins, that is, due to a bloody foreigner, the colour soldiers and workers will flee, leaving the British soldiers by themselves in their desperate plight. As for Ulla Jacobson, her role as Jack Hawkins’ daughter is wholly irrelevant: she is not romantically involved with any soldier; she won´t join the upcoming battle as a nurse nor will she return at the end of the battle to care for the wounded ones… Her role, as that of her father, Jack Hawkins, in our opinion, is very short because it ends when Stanley Baker, the officer in charge, orders her to leave the Mission with her father on their carriage, to prevent the reverend from stirring more trouble in the Mission. All in all, one is left with the impression that Jack Hawkins must have had a field day hitting the bottle… 



Another thing that makes you cringe with embarrassment, it’s the lack of historical accuracy regarding reverend Witt, who did exist in real life (3). As it is explained in Wikipedia, quoting an article by a certain Frederick Hale, "The Defeat of History in the film Zulu” (December, 1996), published by "The South African Military History Society", reverend Otto Witt, at the time of the events narrated in “Zulu” ( Zulú", Enfield, 1963),  was 30 years old, married ( not a widower, as he appears in the movie), father of two little kids, one of them a daughter, called  Elin ( no Margaretta, as in the movie), two years old.  Witt’s family was located some 30 km away the day of the battle. Witt, together with the surgeon and the army chaplain, had gone on a hike and they saw from the top of a hill what was coming. So they warned the detachment.  Witt himself was never a pacifist (as he’s depicted in the movie) and he didn´t oppose British intervention against Cetshwayo, the Zulu King. He even lent a hand in helping to fortify the British position at the Mission. He left at the last moment, on horseback, to join his family before the battle because understandably he wanted to be with them. To sum it up, as they say in Spain, this is how history is written… (“Así se escribe la historia”)   


Another interesting bit to point out is that Baker produced that movie, together with its director, Enfield. Still there are no gratuitous scenes to the bigger glory of Baker’s character. This is all to  Baker’s merit because usually, when the main actor is the film producer as well, you will find a particular scene or shot for his own particular benefit. Not in this movie. 


 Lastly, this movie was filmed in South Africa, during “apartheid” regime. Caine said, after making this movie, that he would never return to South Africa, so long “apartheid” existed. It seems that, after working every day on the film, the White actors and other employees that worked in the movie, found out they couldn´t socialize nor share a beer with their colour counterparts. On the other hand, this movie reenacts a period when the Zulus were still an independent nation or tribe, not submitted to the ordeals of “apartheid”. So, one imagines, this historical re-enactment must have been very painful to all the colour extras that worked in that movie. To make matters worse, according to Wikipedia (4), the actor who played the Zulu King, he was a lineal descendant of that King, called Buthelezi, and, when apartheid fell, Buthelezi became a Minister with Mandela and next his successor. This “painful re-enactment” becomes obvious, one thinks,   at the end of the movie, when British soldiers, forming in three lines,  reject waves and waves of Zulu warriors, firing successively from each line: what should have been the greatest moment of glory for the British defenders (because the attacking Zulus never managed to break the British lines), when the Zulus warriors withdraw,  it leaves the audience not with the impression of having seen a heroic feat, but  of having seen a slaughter instead. I think it was Cy Endfield’s credit, the movie director, that he didn’t try to fake this ending with, for instance, a more heroic or glorious one, where the enemy had simply got what they deserved. 

    


     (1)  On Michael Caine's humble origins: 

https://ancillasvintage.quora.com/Michael-Caine-with-his-mum-in-the-60s-London-He-said-this-about-her-Im-not-sure-she-ever-quite-understood-what-I-did https://ancillasvintage.quora.com/Michael-Caine-with-his-mum-in-the-60s-London-He-said-this-about-her-Im-not-sure-she-ever-quite-understood-what-I-did?ch=15&oid=111741318&share=bdaf6e0d&srid=uc0iOA&target_type=post


Michael Caine with his mum in the 60s London. He said this about her. "I'm not sure she ever quite understood what I did. And she certainly never understood how much I earned. She asked me once, how much do you earn for a film? And I said, 'A million pounds' 'Oh' she said, How much is that? She had no way of computing that sort of money, so I said, it means you don't have to do anything mum, work for anything, or want for anything ever, ever again. So no taking crafty cleaning jobs to be with your mates or I'll get into trouble with the papers'''.



    (2) Poster below, where you can see Michael Caine’s name in smaller print than the rest of the cast, from:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(1964_film)

 


                                                               UK cinema release poster



   (3) On the Witts:  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(1964_film)#Historical_accuracy


Historical accuracy 

The Witts

There are several inconsistencies with the historical record concerning the Swedish missionaries, the Witts. In the film, Witt is depicted as a middle-aged widower, a pacifist and drunkard, who has an adult daughter called Margareta. In reality, Otto Witt was aged 30 and had a wife, Elin, and two infant children. Witt's family were 30 kilometres (19 mi) away at the time of the battle. On the morning of the battle, Otto Witt, with the chaplain, George Smith and Surgeon-Major James Henry Reynolds had ascended Shiyane (Oscarberg), the large hill near the station, and noticed the approach of the Zulu force across the Buffalo River. Far from being a pacifist, Witt had co-operated closely with the army and negotiated a lease to put Rorke's Drift at Lord Chelmsford's disposal. Witt made it clear that he did not oppose British intervention against Cetshwayo. He had stayed at Rorke's Drift because he wished "to take part in the defence of my own house and at the same time in the defence of an important place for the whole colony, yet my thoughts went to my wife and to my children, who were at a short distance from there, and did not know anything of what was going on". He therefore left on horseback to join his family shortly before the battle.

Hale, Frederick (December 1996). "The Defeat of History in the film Zulu". Military History Journal. The South African Military History Society/Die Suid-Afrikaanse Krygshistoriese Vereniging. 10 (4). Retrieved 12 May 2016.


   (4) On the Zulu King:  


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(1964_film) 


Zulu chief and future South African political leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi played Zulu King Cetshwayo kaMpande, his great-grandfather.




In Barcelona, June, 21st, 2023.










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