NOTICIAS DEL MUNDO REAL - CIRCUS WORLD
(EN CASTELLANO DEBAJO)
There are novels that grab you till the end, even though the plot may seem to you a whole nonsense. This is what happened to me with “NOTICIAS DEL MUNDO REAL”, a novel by Juan Miñana, born in 1959 as in my case.
The starting point of this novel is the filming in Barcelona in 1963 of the movie “Circus World” (“El Fabuloso Mundo del circo”, 1964, by Henry Hathaway), a rather forgettable production by Samuel Bronston ( of “El Cid” and “The Fall of the Roman Empire” fame).
The novel evolves in a double level as a documentary and a work of fiction. As a documentary, it explains the details of the making of this film starring John Wayne, Rita Hayworth and Claudia Cardinale, quoting places well known for those who have visited Barcelona, like the Ritz (today called “El Palace” hotel), the Seven Doors and the Liceo. As a work of fiction, the novel follows the pattern of a detective story (we won´t call it a “mystery” novel as there is no crime), imagining what would have happened (in fact, one believes it did happen indeed) if John Wayne had gone “missing” after a night on the town in Barcelona. In the novel the main character, a Law student, working as an extra in the production of “Circus World”, sees Wayne´s disappearance as an opportunity to “promote himself” in front of the producer, Samuel Bronston, who in turn promises him an opportunity in Hollywood if he manages to find Wayne. So, our main character and a pal of his, also a Law student and an extra in “Circus World”, both begin looking for Wayne.
This quest for Duke (this was Wayne’s nickname) works as an excuse to give a portrait of the city of Barcelona at that time. One thinks there was a lack of ambition in this novel because it could have tried to offer, following the pattern of the film “La Dolce Vita” (Fellini, 1960) or the novel “Los Mares del Sur” (“Southern Seas” by Vazquez Montalbán, 1979, translated by Patrick Camiller), a more ambitious portrait of our city. By instance, “La Dolce Vita”, under the pretext of following the exploits of its protagonist, a journalist, gave us a portrait of Rome, as much of its luxurious settings as of its depressed areas. In turn, the novel “Los Mares del Sur” (“Southern Seas”), following the investigation carried out by its main character, Carvalho, a private detective, offered us a superb portrait of Barcelona at the time of the “transición” (1). Instead, our novel here, chooses to evolve within the “limits” of the making of “Circus World” in Barcelona. Anyway, there are several points I’d like to point out in this novel:
a) The fact that its main character would like to go to America to succeed. That is, in the novel this character doesn´t ask Bronston, the film producer, to work in Spain. It’s my opinion that then, as it is happening nowadays, the future for young people was out of our country. We learn in the novel that years afterwards, its protagonist and his pal went to work into making “western” movies for the Studios Balcázar in the nearby town of Esplugues de Llobregat. There it was built in the year 1964 a “western” town, known as “Esplugas City” (2), where countless “spaghetti westerns” were filmed. This novel, “NOTICIAS DEL MUNDO REAL”, takes the liberty to quote those studios Balcázar when, in fact, they had not been built at the time “Circus World” was filmed in Barcelona –September 1963-. Our protagonist, as he lacks good family connections, finishes quitting the Studios at “Esplugas City” to become a practising lawyer…
b) The contrast between the opulence of the world of cinema, during the filming “Circus World”, above all the scenes that take place in the Ritz (where Bronston had his headquarters), and the harsh reality of the main character in the novel, who only seeks to survive and hardly manages by working as an extra in this movie production. This makes his search for Wayne in the novel appear as a life opportunity to him that may change his life.
c) This novel gives you the impression that the making of “Circus World” in Barcelona was a big party for the city. This is kind of “déjà vu” for all of us who lived the Barcelona Olympics in 1992. In my case, I was a small kid when this filming f “Circus World” took place. So I don´t know if the making of that film had any effects in our city. Besides, the movie, when it was released, got a poor reception and was quickly forgotten.
There are some very good scenes in this novel, as the one at the “Liceo”, the Opera House in Barcelona, which served as the setting for the Circus in Hamburg, where it was supposed to be touring... Indeed, the circus was set up, with cages and animals, inside the Liceo Theatre, where some scenes were filmed. In the novel the following is told about the filming inside the Liceo Theatre (pp 75 y 76) (3): (roughly translated) (4)
“By the end of September, during the filming of the scenes inside the Opera House, a mechanical bridge had been set up for Bronston’s technicians to get inside the building from the Ramblas street. All sorts of cables to feed the cameras, lights and cranes were laid along this mechanical bridge over the vehicles that drove down towards “Colon” (Columbus) square. Inside, the stagehands and other workmen of the American production company had placed a metallic surface to cover the stalls which was at the same level of the Theatre stage. To that end the “Liceo” had a wooden surface with tongue and groove for easy installation on the top end of the seats. On this wooden surface a lot of fancy-dress balls have been held since the XIXth century. Anyway, the Americans technicians, seeking to avoid risks, had chosen to reinforce the surface, so that it could withstand the load of weight from the circus cages and the filming equipment. From those days only remained, as the press assured, the strong smell of wild animals that, mixed with the gas fuses form the “Ramblas” street and the smell of ledge plus other disinfectants employed by a brigade of cleaners to rub the floors, nearly ruined the first Opera performance of the season as could it be credible to stage Mozart’s Don Giovanni within this strong jungle smell?...
– “This doesn´t smell like an Opera Theatre — Teddy told me, sniffing at the ceilings. It smells more like a Roman Circus.”
And the “Círculo del Liceo” also shows up in this novel (pp. 77 y 78):
”The dressing rooms had been appointed for the main actors and some sofas, as old as the Opera Theatre, had been moved from the “Círculo del Liceo” so that the actors could rest in between takes.”
ABOUT JOHN WAYNE’S CHARACTER
A special mention deserve the comments made in the novel about John Wayne:
a) On his impact in the audiences of his time, myself included (pp. 91 y 92):
”I had never bothered to ask myself whether I really liked John Wayne´s movies because, to put it simply, when you went to the movies, there was a big chance that he would show up in the double bills that were showing at the movies, usually playing in westerns or in sailor’s adventures. In my case, I was a staunch defender of Duke, not due to his merits as an actor, but because his character –always convincing enough- would guarantee you sheer entertainment. In Teddy’s case, it was the same feeling: he had grown up with Duke, for better or for worse. His character was like a statue –that was Teddy’s expression- that you met every single day in the square next to your place. A kind of bronze monument that was standing there and nobody questioned it. ”
b) On his film beginnings (p. 90):
“Wayne had finished the thirties with a stroke of luck: that scene where he forces John Ford’s stagecoach to a stop in Monument Valley, because he has to travel to Lordsburg to face his fate. The rest of the passengers in fact stopped their journey in Lordsburg, but Duke, instead, followed his way towards stardom.”
c) On his best “movie death” (pp. 174 y 175):
“Duke’s best death was wholly elliptical: he was, as everybody knows, the man mentioned in the title of the film called “The Man who shot Liberty Valance”. But his absence, his wake, the cactus flower laid on top of his coffin, were even more imposing in the movie than the real characters, already aged, sitting together and reminiscing what had happened, He was the focus of attention even if he was not present. His character shines despite his physical absence. Then the story goes back and we see him , with a big belly, standing up for a young lawyer who wants to impose in the wild west the rule of law and justice. His death marks the end of a time .”
To me, the best definition I remember of John Wayne was at a party at the beginning of the eighties of the last century. There was a TV on where a John Wayne movie was showing. I got closer to guess what movie it was when a girl, a beer in hand, stopped for one moment in front of the telly and pointing at John Wayne, said aloud: “This is my Daddy”.
Indeed, he was never your kind of leading man. In fact, he looked clumsy when he kissed his partners. I particularly liked him when, for instance, Angie Dickinson in “Rio Bravo” (1959) or Elsa Martinelli en “Hatari” (1962) took the initiative with him. Although probably my favourite love scene of him, with due respect to Maureen O’Hara and “The Quiet Man” (“El Hombre Tranquilo”, 1952), is with Constance Towers at the end of “The Horse Soldiers” (“Misión de audaces”, 1959). He did not have to kiss her, he just held her hand. But then, of course, John Ford was directing.
As a sort of a fatherly figure, Wayne´s character was always that of a veteran, an older guy. In “Red River” (“Río Rojo” 1948), the movie where its director, Howard Hawks, sort of “built” for him the character of “John Wayne”, he was just forty years old but he played the role of a man in his sixties. Afterwards he would be sort of repeating this same character on and on till the end of his filming career. In “She wore a yellow ribbon” (“Ella llevaba un pañuelo amarillo”, translated into Spanish with the imposible title of “La Legión Invencible” –The Invincible Legion-, 1949) he played the role of a colonel in his sixties, a widower, whose niece, Joanne Dru, wore tied round her neck the yellow ribbon from the uniform of her “beau”, John Agar. But perhaps his best role as a “Daddy” was in “True Grit” (“Valor de Ley, 1969), where the only character Wayne couldn´t “overcome” was that of Mattie Ross, the girl who hired him to go after the killers of her father, played by Kim Darby. It’s not important the fact that, at the end, he emerged triumphant of an incredible shooting. What really matters is that Wayne´s charácter in “True Grit”, Marshal “Rooster” Cogburn (el “gallo” Cogburn), did not hesitate for a single moment in facing uneven odds to rescue the girl, Kim Darby. All in all, his “victory” in this final shooting was rather hollow as the last shot came from his deputy, La Boeuf (Glen Campbell in Wayne’s version), and Wayne’s character couldn´t help that the girl, Kim Darby, got bitten by a snake, without hesitating next to run a horse into the ground to save her. The aftermath of this snake bite is not shown in Wayne’s versión, where in the last scene we see Kim Darby with her arm on a sling. But we can appreciate it in the Coen brothers’ version (“True Grit”, 2010), where, in the epilogue, twenty years later, we learn what happened to the girl’s arm and her civil status. Meaning by that, that, after all the efforts by Wayne’s character to save her, he couldn´t help that she would keep sequels for life from her “True Grit” adventure.
Wayne’s twilight was marked by his physical decay because of his cancer. All in all, it was rather cruel for an actor who had made his career on his physical prowess. One remembers that Wayne always looked the same at the movies till “The Cowboys” (1972), where for the first time he seemed “old” to me. In hindsight perhaps this one should have been Wayne´s last movie as his character had a glorious ending with a generational change in the plot. Nevertheless, Wayne went on making films despite his worsening physical condition. To put it more bluntly, even though he couldn´t keep straight on the saddle. He even tried to change the tune, playing a modern cop in “Mc Q” (1974), a movie in the car chase tradition of “Bullit” (1968) -where instead of riding horses, he was driving cars-. But his physical condition went on deteriorating and he no longer could run, jump or brawl as before. This sad journey ends with “The Shootist” (“El Último Pistolero”, 1976), which is the adieu of his character, a gunman ill with cancer who wants to settle his scores before his illness carries him away... what is shocking about this last movie is that Wayne was just 69 years old when he made it but physically he looked much older. 69 was not an advanced age in 1976, when he filmed his last movie. For instance, a contemporary actor of his, Ronald Reagan would be elected POTHUS (President of the USA), at 70, in 1981 and would last in office till 1989, that is, eight years… Clint Eastwood, on his side, at 65, made Meryl Streep lose her wits for him in ”The Bridges of Madison County” (“Los Puentes de Madison”, 1995) and in “True Crime” (“Ejecución Inminente”, 1999), at 69, he had an “affaire” with the wife of his newspapers boss… Instead, in the case of Wayne, one thinks that he did not retire on time.
THE MOVIE THAT NEVER WAS
“Circus World” (“El Fabuloso Mundo del circo”, 1964, by Henry Hathaway) was a rather forgettable picture, if not outright a bad one. In my case, when I saw it in a “rerun” in the seventies, I enjoyed seeing the places where it had been filmed in Barcelona. But, all in all, I don´t think this was reason enough to go and see it. Hathaway said on this movie (4): “Circus World is a good movie, and it’s strange that I say so, without waiting for the audience’ reaction. This is one of the few times where John Wayne doen´t drink and doesn´t get into fist-fights. ” (5) If both Wayne and Hathaway wanted to do parody of Wayne’s character, there is no doubt that they accomplished this a few years later with “True Grit” (“Valor de ley” 1969), where Wayne won his only Oscar. But not with “Circus World”, which doesn´t really work as a comedy nor as an adventure film like “Hatari!” (1962). But originally it shouldn´t have been like this.
Initially “Circus World” was a project (6) where there were interested none other than Frank Capra, as its director, (yes, the same one from “Bello es Vivir” –It’s a Wonderful Life- fame) and Ben Hecht, as scriptwriter, (yes, the co-author of the theatre play ”The Front Page” –“Primera Plana-, adapted to the big screen, among others, by Howard Hawks and Billy Wilder). As it reads in the credits, the script of “Circus World” was written by Ben Hecht, Julian Zimet (who had to let somebody else to sign in his place, a certain Julian Halevy) and James Edward Grant, based on a story by Bernard Gordon and Nicholas Ray. Both Julian Zimet and Bernard Gordon were “blacklisted” in Hollywood due to their leftist or communists beliefs. Though, in the case of “Circus World”, there’s not the merest hint of social protest.
Frank Capra had made what was to be his last movie in 1961, “Pocketful of Miracles” (“Un gángster para un milagro”) and would die in 1991, at the age of 94. What I mean by this, is that in 1963, when “Circus World” was filmed, Capra was still perfectly able to carry on with this project. In the case of Ben Hecht, this was one of his last scripts as he would die the following year, in 1964. Incidentally, Capra seemed interested to film in Barcelona because in his previous film, “Pocketful of Miracles” (“Un gángster para un milagro”), Barcelona was mentioned in the plot though it did not appear as a location. In that film, Barcelona was where Ann-Margret, as the daughter of Bette Davis, lived & where she departed, with her fiancé and future father in law, a Count, to visit her mother in New York, with all the ensuing chaos this visit generates…
Originally, David Niven and Rod Taylor (fresh from “The Birds” -“Los Pájaros”- by Hitchcock, 1963) were going to join in. So that it was a promising movie with all that talent gathered.
This project was “ruined” because of John Wayne, who insisted on making another “John Wayne movie”. By that I mean another movie of himself, playing his usual character. To do so, he insisted that the script was “redone” by his favourite script-writer, James Edward Grant. This Grant used to “polish” the scripts to favour Wayne’s role in front of the rest (for instance, with the kind of sentences like “If I were you, I wouldn´t do it, buddy”). So Grant began modifying the script of “Circus World” to “promote” Wayne’s character. The result was not long in coming: Frank Capra left the project. Then, to round it up, Wayne “imposed” a director of his liking, Henry Hathaway, who, besides, knew how to make a “John Wayne movie”. Next, David Niven and Rod Taylor also left because they did not want to be relegated to supporting roles.
Seen nowadays, more than half a century afterwards, one cannot help wondering why Bronston, a Hollywood mogul from the forties, let Wayne take the upper hand on his project. Because, in the end, Bronston did not produce “his” movie, but the movie that Wayne wanted. Besides, to top it all, it was a failure at the box office. So that one cannot help thinking why Wayne, instead of playing again his usual “character” for the umpteenth time, did not allow Frank Capra to proceed with his project because it could have been an interesting picture.
By a twist of fate, Wayne´s next movie, after ”Circus World”, was “In Harm´s Way” (“Amarga Derrota” 1965), directed by one of the great Hollywood directors, Otto Preminger. This is an interesting movie, even if you don´t like Wayne because it is one of the few times where Wayne is not re-playing his usual character, but instead, he acts and it is an oddity to see him in a dramatic role. Preminger was not the kind ready to fold to his big stars’ demands. Seeing the difference between “Circus World” and “In Harm´s Way”, one thinks it is a pity that Wayne did not submit himself before to work with Capra.
(1) It is called “la transición” the period that followed Franco’s death till –this is my opinion-1982, year of the winning of an absolute majority by the PSOE, the Spanish Socialist party. Some people, instead, refer this period of the “transición” to the first democratic elections in 1977 or till the approval of the current Spanish Constitution in 1979.
(2) https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplugues_City
http://www.esplugues.cat/noticias/el-plato-de-cinema-esplugas-city-en-el-record-es
(3) See also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p72AU5KNXeo
(4) The novel by Juan Miñana, “NOTICIAS DEL MUNDO REAL” has not been published yet in English. So the translations of some bits of this novel into English, included in this article, are mine, without pretending to be a professional or official translation.
(5) Prologue to the second part of the novel by Juan Miñana, “NOTICIAS DEL MUNDO REAL”. I don´t know if this declaration is genuine as I haven´t found it in English.
(6) The changes that took place in the production of “Circus World” are drawn from the novel by Juan Miñana and from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circus_World_(film)
En Barcelona, a 24 de Julio de 2019.
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